LEARNER OBJECTIVES
At the completion of this chapter, the learner will be able to:
Section 2: Essential Physiologic Concepts
2.1 Describe the essential physiologic concepts in nutrition.
2.2 Identify hormonal regulation of nutrition metabolism by:
a. Listing the regulatory hormones
b. Describing each regulatory hormone's metabolic action
Section 3: Clinical and Lab Features of Protein-Energy
Malnutrition
3.1 Identify the clinical and laboratory features of protein-energy
malnutrition, including causes and
clinical features.
Section 4: Effects of Malnutrition on GI Tract and Pancreas
4.1 Describe the effects of malnutrition, including both structural
and
functional changes, on the
gastrointestinal tract and pancreas.
Section 5: Dietary Therapy in GI Disease
5.1 List the general principles of dietary therapy for:
a. Celiac disease
b. Inflammatory bowel disease
Section 6: Dietary Therapy in Liver Disease
6.1 Discuss appropriate dietary therapy for:
a. Ascites
b. Portal-systemic encephalopathy
c. Cirrhosis
Section 7: Nutrition Intervention
7.1 Identify:
a. Nitrogen requirements for well-nourished adults
b. Energy requirements using the Harris-Benedict equation
7.2 Describe different types of nutrition intervention:
a. Enteral nutrition, including formulas and complications
b. Total parenteral, including solutions, routes of delivery,
and complications
LEARNER WORKBOOK
EXERCISE 1
1.1 Short-term regulation between the fed state and interdigestive
state
is mediated by:
1.2 What are the four regulatory hormones in nutrient metabolism and
their principal metabolic actions?
Hormones Metabolic
Actions
a.
b.
c.
d.
1.3 Briefly describe carbohydrate, protein, and lipoprotein
metabolism in
the fed state and the interdigestive
state.
|
Fed
State |
Interdigestive
State |
|
| Carbohydrate
metabolism |
|
|
| Protein
metabolism |
|
|
| Lipoprotein
metabolism |
|
|
EXERCISE 2
2.1 What are the causes of protein-energy malnutrition?
2.2 What are the effects of the following nutritional disorders on
the liver?
| Disorder |
Effects |
| Alcoholism |
|
| Protein
deficiency |
|
| Uncontrolled
diabetes |
|
| Jejunoileal
bypass |
|
| Senecio
alkaloids |
|
| Kwashiorkor |
|
| Gross
dietary iron excess |
|
| Obesity |
|
2.3 Fill in the blanks:
Vitamin deficiency syndromes:
| Vitamins |
Name
of Deficiency State |
Clinical
Features |
| 1.
Water-Soluble |
|
|
| B1
(thiamine) |
|
|
|
Pernicious
anemia |
|
| Niacin |
|
|
| 2.
Fat-Soluble |
|
|
| A |
- |
|
| D |
- |
|
| E |
- |
|
| K |
- |
|
EXERCISE 3
3.1 Describe the effects of malnutrition on the GI tract and
pancreas
|
GI
Tract |
Pancreas |
a.
Structural
changes |
|
|
b.
Functional
changes |
|
|
EXERCISE 4
4.1 Describe appropriate dietary guidelines for patients with:
a. Steatorrhea
b. Celiac disease
c. Inflammatory bowel disease
d. Ascites
e. Portal-systemic encephalopathy
EXERCISE 5
5.1 What does the term (zero) nitrogen balance mean?
5.2 What is enteral nutrition?
5.3 Briefly define the following enteral nutrition formulas:
a. Polymeric
b. Oligomeric
c. Modular
5.4 List three complications of enteral feeding and briefly describe
each.
5.5 What are the different components of TPN solutions?
5.6 TPN means:
6. Complications of TPN can be local or systemic. Briefly describe
each
type and its potential causes.
