| TABLE 11. Major causes of cholestasis |
| Intrahepatic |
| Common Viral hepatitis Drugs Alcoholic hepatitis ± cirrhosis |
| Less common Primary biliary cirrhosis Chronic hepatitis ± cirrhosis Metastatic carcinoma Cholestasis of pregnancy Sepsis, TPN, etc. |
| Extrahepatic |
| Common Common bile duct stone(s) Pancreatic/periampullary cancer |
| Less common Benign biliary stricture Sclerosing cholangitis Bile duct carcinoma Benign pancreatic disease Extrinsic duct compression |