Figure 2. Potential complications of cholelithiasis. Migration of the stone in the gallbladder to impact in the neck of the gallbladder or the bile duct can cause obstruction and result in complications. Cystic duct obstruction results in cholecystitis. Chronic calculous cholecystitis may be associated with carcinoma of the gallbladder, but causality is unproven. Common duct obstruction leads to cholangitis, cholestatic jaundice and/or pancreatitis. Chronic cholestasis results in malabsorption. Stricture formation and recurrent cholangitis on occasion can lead to secondary biliary cirrhosis. Chronic duct obstruction and injury may lead to cholangiocarcinoma.